Madd Muttasil (مد متصل) and Madd Munfasil (مد منفصل) – The Connected and Separated Madd
Madd Muttasil and Madd Munfasil are types of Madd Wajib (Necessary Prolongation) that occur when a Madd letter (ا، و، ي) is followed by a Hamzah (ء). However, their ruling differs based on whether the Hamzah is in the same word or in the next word.
1. Madd Muttasil (مد متصل) – The Connected Madd
Definition:
Madd Muttasil occurs when a Madd letter (ا، و، ي) is followed by a Hamzah (ء) in the same word.
Ruling:
• It must be prolonged for 4 to 5 harakah (compulsory extension).
• This type of Madd is necessary (Wajib) according to most recitation styles.
Example Words:
Word Breakdown Explanation
جَاءَ (Jā’a) جَا (Madd Alif) + ء Madd Alif is followed by a Hamzah in the same word → Madd Muttasil (4-5 harakah).
السُّوءَ (As-Sū’a) سُو (Madd Waw) + ء Madd Waw is followed by Hamzah in the same word → Madd Muttasil (4-5 harakah).
السَّيِّئَاتِ (As-Sayyi’āt) سَيِّي (Madd Ya) + ء Madd Ya is followed by Hamzah in the same word → Madd Muttasil (4-5 harakah).
2. Madd Munfasil (مد منفصل) – The Separated Madd
Definition:
Madd Munfasil occurs when a Madd letter (ا، و، ي) is at the end of a word, and the following word begins with a Hamzah (ء).
Ruling:
• It is prolonged for 4 to 5 harakah, depending on the recitation style.
• Some Qira’at allow only 2 harakah, but Hafs recitation prefers 4 harakah.
Example Words (Two-Word Cases):
Phrase Breakdown Explanation
يَا أَيُّهَا (Yā Ayyuha) يَا (Madd Alif) + أَيُّهَا Madd Alif is at the end of “Yā”, followed by Hamzah at the start of “Ayyuha” → Madd Munfasil (4-5 harakah).
إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ (Innā A‘ṭaynāka) إِنَّا (Madd Alif) + أَعْطَيْنَاكَ Madd Alif is at the end of “Innā”, followed by Hamzah at the start of “A‘ṭaynāka” → Madd Munfasil (4-5 harakah).
فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ (Fī Anfusikum) فِي (Madd Ya) + أَنْفُسِكُمْ Madd Ya is at the end of “Fī”, followed by Hamzah at the start of “Anfusikum” → Madd Munfasil (4-5 harakah).
Comparison Table: Madd Muttasil vs. Madd Munfasil
Type Condition Prolongation Example
Madd Muttasil (Connected) Madd letter followed by Hamzah in the same word 4 to 5 harakah (compulsory) جَاءَ، السُّوءَ، السَّيِّئَاتِ
Madd Munfasil (Separated) Madd letter at the end of a word, followed by Hamzah in the next word 4 to 5 harakah (optional in some Qira’at) يَا أَيُّهَا، إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ، فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ
Key Notes:
✅ Madd Muttasil is always wajib (necessary) and must be prolonged 4-5 harakah.
✅ Madd Munfasil is optional in some Qira’at but is preferred at 4 harakah in Hafs recitation.
✅ Both occur when a Madd letter is followed by Hamzah, but the key difference is whether the Hamzah is in the same word or the next word.
